Still Alive

We've had an extremely cold December this year, with record low temperatures. On the 15th we set new records of -19F and had an average daytime temp of -6F. For the past week it has warmed up somewhat and our 7-day average was +23F, which matches the average temp for the whole month. Today felt like summer again with highs reaching into the mid-50s with warm sunshine. This change brought the bees back out for some cleansing flights and some foraging.

We were relieved to see they were still alive after the cold weather and their dangerously low stores. Since they were almost out of food, I took the opportunity to feed them a bit of honey and let them have a pollen patty. They took to the honey, but didn't seem too interested in the pollen patty today. Anyway, it looked like both colonies were quite alive and active today, which is good news.

2008 Garden Harvest Summary

Here it is almost Thanksgiving again and a great time to review the year's harvest totals and give thanks for the blessings from our garden.

As of Nov 10, most of the 2008 harvest is in(we still have a few carrots remaining). We had a bumper crop of honey this year and the bees were also busy in the garden with pollination.

We set new records this year for production of green beans, tomatoes. We lost our cucumbers and a few squash plants to bugs, but still did well on those. We missed most of early summer due to travel so the early crops like rhubarb, lettuce and cilantro were way down.

2008 harvest totals:

• Basil (not measured)
  
• Cantaloupe 2.0 lbs (why bother?)
  
• Carrots 34.3 lbs (so far)
  
• Garlic 0.5 lbs (volunteers)
  
• Green Beans 26.9 lbs (new record)
• Honey 312 lbs (new record)
• Beeswax 3 lbs (new category)
  
• Lettuce & Salad Greens 1.5 lbs
  
• Onions 18.2 lbs
  
• Peppers 62.1 lbs
  
• Pumpkins 57.5 lbs
  
• Rhubarb 7.0 lbs
  
• Shallots 0.7 lbs
  
• All Squash 322 lbs
  
• Tomatoes 357.6 lbs (new record)

2008 Climate Summary:
The length of this summer's growing season was a bit longer than normal. We had our last frost of spring on May 11th and our first frost of the fall on October 7th giving us a little longer than normal 149 days of growing season. We had good rains in May and August this year, which probably helped the nectar flow for the honey production. Our total summer rainfall was also very close to normal with 7.94" from April through October with July being our driest month with zero rainfall the whole month. June was also dry, so the mid-summer required a lot of extra watering again this year.

Average temps were generally equal to last year through July, again without any days above 100 degrees. We had our only 100 degree day in early August, then it was a bit cooler from August through October compared with normal averages.

To Bee or Not to Bee

Anyone who has watched the news or picked up a newspaper lately has been witness to the extreme position in which the human race has placed itself. The precarious feeling of standing on a teeter totter with one foot trying to balance feeding the world, while the other is trying to balance nature and doing what is best for the earth. In one part of the United States we see farmers trying to defend their crops against the invading pests and just a few miles away we find a commercial beekeeper opening his hives to find that he lost up to 80 percent of his colonies over the winter. These two situations may not seem related but in fact they both have a common theme, the honeybee. This small, flying insect that seems to be as much a part of spring and summer as the gardens and flowers that they pollinate is in danger. It faces threats on every front. Unfortunately, we as a human race, are responsible for many of these threats from the pesticides that we use to the way we handle the bees. If these issues are not addressed soon, we could lose a valuable part of our food and our future.

The honeybee has been pushed into the news recently with the mysterious disease that is called, Colony Collapse Disorder, or CCD. During the winter of 2006-2007, there was a reported loss of 30% of all the hives nationally with the winter of 2007-2008 reporting 37% loss ^{(Mendes 2).} This is devastating news to the world’s food supply. According to the United States Department of Agriculture, every 3 out of 10 bites of food we take is thanks to a honeybee. They are directly responsible for pollinating crops like blueberries, almonds, squash, cucumber and most fruit grown on trees. They pollinate 15 billion dollars worth of food grown in America, annually ^{(CSBA 1).} With these figures in mind, the world is racing to find a reason for CCD. So far, there have been many theories ranging from pesticides to bad nutrition, but there is not a definitive answer. Perhaps, it is because it is not just a single cause but a combination of causes that have been waiting like a time bomb to explode.

Bees are an insect and they are not the only insect that is part of the equation. There are insects that are good for plants like bees, ladybugs and preying mantis. These insects pollinate and keep other insects that would destroy a plant under control. Then there is another insect that will eat and destroy crops. Farmers deal with the threat of these other insects destroying their crops. According to the Southeast Farm Press, this past June farmers faced the loss of their corn crop due to the stink bug. These insects can survive over the winter in wheat fields that were plowed in the fall and will be then planted in the spring with corn ^{(Robinson 9).}

Corn is important to the economy not only for food, but with the demand to steer away from the use of fossil fuels. With Ethanol now being produced from corn and used as another way to fuel cars, farmers are turning over more fields for growing corn. If their crops are destroyed they lose not only their income but America loses a valuable fuel source. Unfortunately, many of the choices that the farmers have in killing destructive pests also kills the other insects like the honeybee. One solution that farmers use is neonicotinoids. This is a group of pesticides that were introduced on the market in the mid 1990’s. “Basically, neonicotinoids block the insect neural action. In other words, affected insects often just sit around doing nothing until they desiccate, get sunstroke or become picked off by a predator or disease” ^{(Shetlar 80).}

So far, these pesticides have been effective in preventing pests, but at what cost? The pesticides that fall under neonicotinoids, which includes clothianidin, have already been banned in Germany and a similar insecticide banned in France. Germany’s Federal Agricultural Research Institute is quoted by the Sierra Club as saying, ”It can unequivocally be concluded that poisoning of the bees is due to the rubbing-off of the pesticide ingredient clothianidin from corn seeds” ^{(Harmon par. 3).}

The response to these actions in Europe has fueled the debate here at home but with the income and need for corn being so great it has been harder to get action. According to the Colorado State Beekeepers Association website, the Natural Resources Defense Council has filed a lawsuit against the Environmental Protection Agency, (EPA), for “withholding the toxicity of pesticides to bees”, they also are stating, “EPA granted a registration to a new pesticide manufactured by Bayer CropScience under the condition that Bayer submit studies about its product’s impact on bees” ^{(CSBA 1).} The pesticide in question, being manufactured by the Bayer Company, is one of these neonicotinoids. Why would the EPA not release the results of these findings? We could make lots of conclusions one of which could be the money that the Bayer Corporation has to help hide the issues. Let us not forget what David Hackenburg of the U.S. Department of Agriculture said, “Massive bee die-offs started occurring after regulatory agencies rubber stamped the use of neonicotinoid spraying and coatings” ^{(Harmon par.7) .}

Pest destroying our crops is not the only issue we have to take into account. There are also pests that are destroying the bees. During the mid 1980’s a threat was found to have invaded the U.S. beehives. This tiny threat is the mite. It has also had a devastating affect on the survival of our honey bees. The two main mites that can destroy a hive is the Varroa and the Tracheal mite. These mites have not been attributed as a cause of CCD but the way we treat this threat might be. Again the issue is a pesticide but this time it is one that the beekeeper used directly in the hive.

When the mite emerged on the scene, beekeepers rushed to find an answer and a quick fix. Keep in mind that commercial beekeeping is also a big money maker. Trucks carrying hives of bees are transported around the country to pollinate a specific crop. When the bees are done they will be packed up and moved to another field, perhaps across the country. If farmers do not have bees then their crops will not produce. Again we find ourselves on a teeter totter deciding between money and food and the bee. In response two hard pesticides were presented.

The first miticide to appear was Apistan and when mites became resistant to that then CheckMite entered the market. According to Bee Culture Magazine, “It is well known that both the above materials accumulate in the comb and can cause if not acute, at least persistent ongoing problems that interfere with the delicate biology of a honey bee colony” (Sanford 19). Keep in mind that both of these “miticides” are still sold in beekeeping catalogues today and even encouraged to be used. In the book, Beekeeping for Dummies, written by Howland Blackistan he says, “Regardless of whether you detect varroa mites, I suggest that preventative miticide treatments be administered to your hive once in the spring and again in autumn” (A180).

The fear of what might happen is often the reason preventative medicines are used. We have seen this example in humans. For too long doctors prescribed antibiotics to children to prevent them from getting sick and now we have found that many diseases have mutated or become resistant to the very thing we used to prevent it. So too is the case with the bee. Bees, like humans, have always had a chance of getting sick from certain diseases. Foulbrood is one such disease. The way to treat it is antibiotics.

Antibiotics are helpful when used correctly. That statement is also true when caring for a hive today. The problem is that many beekeepers feel pressured to give these antibiotics regularly as part of their seasonal management of their hives. They have been scarred by the threats that bees are facing and trying to keep up with the quick fixes that we as humans try to pass off as science. Bruce Royden Brown of CC Pollen Co explains, “Science tries to present a stable picture of its findings and in the end, it’s only partial, fragmented truth that is always moving”. He also adds, “Most science is driven by economic, profit driven pressure”(A1). In the end, a beekeeper is once again trying to perform a balancing act, how to protect their hive from disease and how to stop the weakening trend of bees in general.

Any beekeeper who has lost a hive can tell you of the guilt that is felt. To see a hive become sick or weakened, to open a hive at the end of a long winter only to find that it is dead or queenless is a beekeepers nightmare. They find themselves asking what they could have done to prevent it and could they have done more. These are the feelings that companies who sell the medicines and antibiotics play upon when selling their products.

Let us try to imagine the guilt that would be felt if we lost the bee population. Could we survive the loss of such an important part of our ecosystem? Bees have survived for millions of years without the aid of humans but may be destroyed by the science of humans. In our response to this situation we need to step back and take a look at the bigger picture. Colony Collapse Disorder is the current disaster hitting our environment but it’s really just a consequence of our over indulgent behavior concerning pesticides and our intrusive behavior into a highly organized part of nature. If we are going to succeed in balancing food and nature we need to take money out of the equation. Perhaps Bruce Royden Brown said it best, “Go back to the basics; give the bees what they need…It is vitally important for us as human beings, maybe even for reasons beyond our comprehension” (A4).

Works Cited

Blackiston, Howland. Beekeeping for Dummies. New York: For Dummies, 2002.

Brown, Bruce R. "Bee Nutrition & Bee Medication: What the bee Really is not What it is Getting." Total Health 08 Mar. 2008. 24 Sept. 2008. EBSCOhost. Front Range Community College, Longmont. 24 Sept. 2008.

Harmon, Alan. "The Sierra Club Wants Neonicotinoids Treatments Stopped, Now!" CSBA. 23 Sept. 2008. Colorado State Beekeepers Association. 23 Sept. 2008 http://www.coloradobeekeepers.org/articles.htm.

Mendes, David, Vice President. “Health of Bee Pollinators”. Wash D.C.. FDCH Congressional Testimony. 24 Sept. 2008.

"National Resources Defense Council Sues EPA to Get Public Records on Pesticides." CSBA. 18 Aug. 2008. Colorado State BeeKeepers Association. 23 Sept. 2008 http://www,coloradobeekeepers.org/articles.htm

"Organic Farming Can feed the world...Can Conventional farming?" Natural Life Sept.-Oct. 2007: 40+.

Robinson, Ray. "Corn Growers given plant bug alert." Southeast Farm Press 04 June 2008: 7+.

Sanford, Malcolm. "CCD-The Role of Emerging Pests, Pesticides and Pathogens." Bee Culture July 2008: 19+.

Shetlar, Dave. "Get to Know Neonicotinoids." Landscape Management Apr. 2008: 78+.

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This above was an English paper written by Becky Broberg, © September 25, 2008

Pesticide impact?

A brief update on the hive troubles: We continued feeding today with leftover honey. We made about 8 lbs available for each colony in the hive-top feeders. It was certainly warm enough for them to take it today. We'll see how much we can get them to pack away before it gets too cold.

I spoke to the former president of the local bee club today. He said this problem seems to be fairly widespread throughout Boulder County this year. He has some theories that it may be related to neoniconoids (a type of pesticide) being used on local corn crops. His advice was add a pollen patty to affected hives to see if that will get the queen laying again.

More resources on connections between neoniconoids and colony collapse disorder (CCD):
USDA website article
Bee Culture Article

They're in trouble!

We've had some nice warm weather this week and the wind was calm so we did an inspection today, Nov 1. What we found was rather disturbing. The bees, both hives are in real trouble now, and just a few weeks ago everything looked great. Most of their honey reserves were gone and there was virtually no brood. What happened? Will we loose them?


This frame is one of the best frames from the upper deep of Hive-1's honey reserves, most were completely empty. Just 4 weeks ago, these were completely full.


Going downstairs to the brood chamber revealed frames like this. Most were just empty and a few had some pollen and we saw only about a few dozen cells with capped brood, no eggs, no larvae, just empty cells. Are they queenless?


Hive 2 wasn't doing much better. We found most of the frames empty and in the uppermost chamber there were just four frames at the far north end of the hive that still had capped honey like this one. Since they seldom venture to the north end of the hive during the worst of winter, I decided to move these 4 frames with the honey closer to the middle of the upper chamber.


Hive 2's brood chamber was also mostly empty now. Like hive 1, we saw a few cells with some pollen and just a few cells with capped brood, but no eggs, no larvae and very little honey. We couldn't find the queens today from either hive. Hive 1 was quite agitated and we ended up having to put our gloves on in the mayhem, which made it a bit hard to snap some pictures.

In our panic, we decided they urgently needed some food. After we closed up the hives I went back and returned with 8-10 partially capped frames we didn't harvest from September. Most had open cells of nectar and a few were partially capped with honey. I set these about leaning against the hives for feeding and they were all over them in just a few minutes. They were having a feeding frenzy the rest of the afternoon. We have a bit more unprocessed honey we will try to feed them tomorrow, but if they are really queenless, it probably won't help.

These bees were so good to us this past season with the tremendous production and now it looks like something has gone terribly wrong. We hope they find a way to make it somehow.

Halloween Bees

Our son was playing in the marching band at the Longmont Halloween Parade today, and I couldn't help snapping a few shots of the cute little bees.




Even the little dogs were dressed up like bees today!

First Frost and Fall Hive Inspection

Well the Indian summer is over and we had our first frost last night. Here is how the Squash plants looked today:



Now begins the preparations for winter. I inspected both beehives and found that they were in good shape and had stored plenty of honey away for the winter season.

This is an example of how the top 10 frames from hive #1 are looking. This is all capped honey and is quite heavy. This will sustain the bees through the winter.


The frame above is from hive #2 and shows an area in the center that was previously occupied by brood and has been recently been refilled with capped honey for winter. This hive has more than a dozen frames like this in good shape.

This will be the first fall that we have decided not to feed our bees any sugar water. We have left them to gather their own honey to store for winter which must be much healthier for them anyway. If they run out, we have some reserves of their honey from previous harvest we can feed back to them.

Fall Colors in our Garden

Well fall is here and the leaves are changing, but we haven't had our first frost yet. This is unusual for our location and it means we get to enjoy a second burst from our garden. The mild weather has given the garden a new burst of color and blooms that makes this a great time of year. Today was a bright overcast day, which made it perfect for snapping a few pictures. I thought I'd put some here to share the color we are enjoying. All of these were taken in our own garden today. Click to see full size.


Maple leaves from our one and only maple tree.

Yellow Flowers



Red & White Dahlia and a Red Poppy


Pink Holly Hocks


Bicolor Zinnia and Blue Delphiniums


Pink-Yellow Rose

As you can see from the pictures that even though the asters, russian sage and spirea have all faded, the bees are still finding plenty to feast from in our gardens.

Giant bee from Japan

I was in Japan recently and while walking around the Japanese Gardens at Makuhari Seaside Park I saw this giant bee on a flower. I've heard of the giant Japanese hornets, but this one didn't look like a typical hornet and with all the hair it seemed more like a very big honey bee. Can anyone identify it?

(Click the image for an even larger view.)

Making Whipped (spun) Honey

We took some of the surplus honey and decided to experiment with some whipped or creamed honey this year. Depending on where you are from, different names are used for this type of processed honey product. Some call it creamed honey, others call it whipped honey and some call it spun honey. It's all the same thing and it has no cream, is not whipped nor spun. It is 100% honey with nothing added and nothing taken away, but it has been processed to optimize the crystallization process by a heating and cooling process. To start the crystal process, a "seed-honey" is used much like using a sour-dough seed to start a sour-dough bread recipe. The seed-honey is already creamed and has the needed crystal structure which spreads throughout the honey when mixed.

The photo below shows the seed honey being combined with the batch of heat-treated honey that has cooled back to about 80F.



When it is done right, you end up with a creamy-light colored honey that has the consistency of peanut-butter. It should stick to a knife without dripping, yet liquefies quickly on your tongue or on warm toast or muffins - Yummy!

The process also requires a week or more stored at just the right cool but not cold temperature. We'll have to wait a few weeks to know if ours came out just right.

Honey for Peaches!

We traded some of our Golden Harvest for another kind of golden harvest: Fresh Utah Peaches!

Another Honey Harvest: 9/13/08

We recovered the last frames of surplus honey from the hives yesterday. When we harvested the six medium supers on Labor day, we sorted out all that were less than 100% capped and put them back on the hives. It amounted to about 1 super on each hive or about 10 frames each. Since it is getting late in the season, we gave them just 2-weeks to finish capping them, which really wasn't enough but we're out of time now and what they pack and cap from now on must be for their winter stores.

From the 20 frames we took there was only about 10 that were completely capped now and the rest we'll just freeze and give back to them in the spring. We've been too busy to process the honey and bottle it, so we don't know what the final total will be, but up until now we have already bottled 279 pounds. It will be close, but we might even break 300 once it is all processed. We're both amazed at the bounty this year.

The photo below shows just a portion of the 156 lbs from Labor Day:


UPDATE (9/27/08): We have totaled all the honey harvests from this season: 312 lbs!

Robbing the Bees (video)

I made a time-lapse video of our harvesting process: "Robbing the Bees"

The best honey around, really!

We entered this bottle of honey from our first harvest this season in the local county fair and won first prize!

Tomato Season in Full Swing

August is here and the tomatoes are coming on in full glory. Here are a few snapshots showing todays harvest:


Click either picture to see the notes in Flickr that identify the varieties.




Yum, yum!

Death in the Russian Sage

This time of year, a popular landscape plant called Russian Sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia) is a favorite for the local bees.


Yesterday evening I went out to watch the bees foraging on this plant. There were hundreds bobbing in and out and going from flower to flower gathering nectar for my fall honey. I like to see them working hard, but there was something wrong among the flowers. I saw several bees that seemed to be motionless or just hanging by the flowers apparently victims of some tragedy.


This death in the Russian sage was troubling. I saw maybe a dozen dead bees spread over 4 large plants. I shook a few to see if they were alive and one flew away, while the other fell to the ground. I posted questions about this mystery with photos over on the Beemaster.com beekeepers forum and got a quick reply; mystery solved.

What I wasn't seeing at first, was a very small predatory bug called an "assassin bug" or an "ambush bug". According to Wikipedia, these bugs capture their prey with sticky feet and inject a paralyzing saliva into their bodies then ingest them by literally sucking the life out of their bodies. While this seems gruesome, there are many hazards waiting or the foraging bees and the number taken by these bugs is far less than what would happen if insecticides were used on the flowers.

After getting the answer from BeeMaster.com, I went out for another look, to find the bugs. Here are a few more close-ups showing these nasty bugs in action:


This one shows a native bee (species unknown) also falling victim to the ambush bug, which can be seen directly above:

Hottest July on Record?

We got this from the National Weather Service today:

THU JUL 31 2008 ...Heat advisory in effect from 1 pm to 9 pm MDT Friday... The national weather service in Denver has issued a heat advisory...which is in effect from 1 pm to 9 pm MDT Friday. Temperatures across the plains Friday are expected to be in the low and mid 90s by early afternoon. Readings are then expected to peak between 100 and 105 degrees in the mid afternoon. The mercury will probably remain above the 90 degree level until mid-evening. A heat advisory means that a period of hot temperatures is expected. Sunny skies...hot temperatures and low relative humidities will combine to create a situation in which heat illnesses are possible. Drink plenty of fluids...stay in an air-conditioned room...stay out of the sun...and check up on relatives and neighbors.

How hot was it? According to some reports, it was the hottest July on record, possibly the hottest summer ever:

On Wednesday, we tied a 134-year record for consecutive days in the 90s, with 18. Today, number 19, enters the history books as the new sweatiest summer run... You can call the temperatures pleasant or oppressive, but this streak is unquestionably historic. It ties a record set in July 1874 and the same month in 1901.

Well, I suppose it depends on how you measure. How many days did we have over 100 degrees?

• We had none at my house, and only a single 100 degree reading in Denver.)
  

How many new record high temps were set?

• None officially, not a single new high temperature record for July.
  

So how do recent years compare? Well let's not be too quick to forget that sweltering July we had just back in 2005. Remember we had 25 days 90 or above and 7 days over 100 and we set 8 new high temp records for the month. July 2005 also had a higher average temperature for the month. See data here.

So what's the big deal? Nothing really, but it seems the news media wants to make a story anywhere they can. If it is something they can tie to that ever popular topic of "global warming" they will. My advice is before you get too excited, verify the data yourself.

Another Honey Harvest!

For the second time this month, we found that we needed to harvest honey. Those bees have been busy bees. We took the first honey super (placed in May) from the Minnesota bees, which was now fully capped. We also took the oldest honey super from the Italians. That brings the tally up to 3 harvested supers for the Italians and one for the Minnesotans.

This is Becky from her vantage point high up on the ladder getting ready to harvest from the Minnesota Hygienic bees.


Here are some of the frames of capped honey we took today.


And here are just two jars of the 60 lbs of freshly bottled honey we processed today.

Midsummer Climate Update:

It has been a very dry summer so far. According to the national weather service, Denver has officially received only 3.26” inches of total precipitation since January 1^st while the average for this time of year should be 9.76”. That’s only 1/3 of normal rainfall! At our weather station, we have gone for 37 days with no measurable rain and 50 days since we had more than 1/100^th of an inch. Our total precipitation since Jan 1^st is only 4.16”, which is a bit ahead of the airport, but still way behind! Everything is very dry and the garden and lawn have been suffering.

It has also been hot, but thankfully not as hot as Denver. The official highs for Denver, (recorded at DIA) have logged twelve consecutive days over 90º F, which is not yet close to the record of eighteen days. At our weather station, we have had fifteen days over 90º in July, but no consecutive stretch longer than five days. Hoping to match the trend from last year, so far we have not had any days that reached 100º, our highest recorded temperature so far this summer was 99.0º on July 20^th. Our growing season began about normal, with our last freeze recorded on May 11^th this year, three days later than last year.

What does this mean for the garden? Well we have been spending a lot on water to keep everything irrigated, but no matter how much water you put, it never seems to do as much good as natural rain. The tomatoes and peppers seem to be enjoying the heat as we’d expect as well as the squash. For some reason the bees are having a great year so far. The trees however, seem to be suffering the most.

News story on Denver’s heat wave.

Check-out our our Garden Weather Page.

Washboarding observed

Okay, taking a closer look at the behavior with full motion, reveals something different: Sort of a dance or waggle back and forth. It is easily discerned in this video of the Minnesota Hygienics being well, hygienic. This cleaning behavior is called "washboarding". It is not well understood, but here is the video:



The Italian hive is up to the same shenanigans, but they aren't quite so organized about it:

Swedish Beekeeping

On our recent trip to Sweden, we stayed on several farms and saw some local bee yards. This one was in the Southern province of Skane near the town of Degeberga (map). I was intrigued by the different design of the boxes, compared to the common white ones we use here. Since I didn't open one up, I'm guessing that the lower brood box is insulated for the long winters. It looks like most have a queen excluder and one honey super on them now.

I had to also wonder if these came from Ikea, but I checked their on-line catalog and couldn't find them. It could be a business opportunity for them! Here is a closer view:

Bee Bearding Observations

Why do honeybees sit out on the porch doing nothing? This is commonly called "bearding". This is not the kind of bee bearding that Wikipedia describes when people "wear" a swarm of bees as a beard. No, this is when they hang-out on the outside of the hive. Most sources say this is because they are hot or croweded in the hive. Take a look at the two photos below:


The top photo was taken June 25th when it was mid-70s F. The bottom one was taken July 10th when it was 99 F. What is the difference?

Both hives have the same ventilation. The hive on the right seems about the same. The hive on the left is bearding much more in the second photo. This started only after we harvested the honey last week from the live on the left. We took two full supers, left one that wasn't quite ready and added an empty one. Perhaps they are simply too crowded now? Perhaps there is some other explanation? Perhaps they are unemployed and don't have any jobs to do at the moment?

We don't know, we are only the humans trying trying to learn how to take care of these colonies. Maybe I'll add another super to the one on the left and see if that helps get them back to work.

Surprise Honey Harvest

We got up Saturday morning to go check on the beehives. We discussed the options just in case my busy bees had filled the super we placed there just 2 weeks ago. We had only one empty super left for both hives. Sure enough, when we opened it up, we found that the top super was fully drawn and mostly filled with nectar!

With three supers already installed, I was worried that if I placed a fourth I couldn't see down in to the top one, much less would I be able to lift it off, once it was filled. There was only one thing to do, go down and see if the lower supers had enough capped frames to harvest.

To our great surprise while we were off vacationing, the bees were home working hard the whole time and we found 18-1/2 out of 19 of the frames for the first two honey supers were already capped and looking great. We realized that we didn't even have the tractor nearby to haul the weight of those supers once we took them. I hustled back to the barn and hooked up the little John Deere trailer to the tractor and came up to the honey yard ready to haul it home. Becky restocked the smoker and waited for my return.

The removal went very well, and I'd say the bees were not too upset with us considering. We ended up using the blower method (leaf blower) to remove the last of the bees clinging to the frames, which worked very well.

Now we had to change our Saturday plans and work on the harvest of the 18 frames we removed. Here is one of those frames as Becky worked the heated knife on the wax cappings.


It was a long day, but we got it all done, bottled and cleaned up by 5PM. In all we harvested 65 lbs from this early summer harvest. Now we are still nubees at this and this is only our third year, but let's put this outstanding spring harvest in perspective. Last year we had one harvest in September from both hives and got a total of 34 lbs (not a good year). In 2006 we had only one hive and it was our first year, and they started a bit late in the spring. We harvested once in August (27.5 lbs) and again in September for a total of 48.5 lbs.

So realizing that we still have 2 months of production time left and that 2 more supers are well on their way to being filled now on each hive, we could have a very good year indeed. Here is a shot of a few bottles of this "Golden Harvest":

Naturalizing for nectar

Last year I noticed a small weed in the natural parts of the yard that the bees seemed to be fond of, so I didn't have the heart to mow over it when I was cutting the lawn. I never identified this weed but it had small yellow flowers, and I've seen it in early summer since we've moved in. Since the bees liked it, I thought I'd let it go and spread as it didn't seem to cause any harm.

Well this year the weed is back and it has spread. Here is a shot next to the gardens in back:


The camera angle was quite low, so it makes the plant look taller. Actually it is only about a foot high. Well once again the honeybees, the bumblebees and the butterflies all seem to love the blossoms. It must be a good nectar or pollen plant for the bees, so I looked it up and found it was called Lotus Corniculatus or the common name: "Birdfoot deervetch". It's actually a pasture plant for grazing animals that is high in protein and high in nectar, which means my bees are turning it to honey!

Here is a close-up:

June updates

We inspected both hives on June 18th and found a good brood pattern and signs of an effective queen in the new Minnesota hive.


Meanwhile the Italians seem to be working hard on a good nectar flow. Both supers were nearly full so we added a third! The shot below is some of the new honey in the upper super on that inspection:


We did another inspection June 28 and found that Italians had already made a good start filling the new super we had just added. The Minnesotans seemed to be getting lazy with the warmer weather and had started hanging out on the front porch:

May 3 Inspection

Becky's new queen seems to be producing. We did another inspection on the new package we installed 14 days ago and saw lots of new larva and capped brood as shown in the photo above.

Progress was also going well on the other hive today, so David installed the first honey-super there.

Here is a brief movie of some of the bees returning to the hive with loads of pollen and nectar:

April 27 Inspection

I caught these two sister bees cleaning up some of the spilled honey during our inspection today. If you look at the larger image, you can see the complex mouth parts and the nectar tubes (proboscis).



We caught a glimpse of the new Minnesota queen today. She seemed to be getting settled into the new hive and apparently everything went well with her release from the marshmallow plugged cage. We didn't see any eggs today, as hard as we looked, but she was moving around the hive with a busy determination.


While looking at the hive that overwintered, we caught this new baby bee just emerging from the cell. Most of the cells on this frame had already opened, but a few more were just starting.


This is the baby bee just as she fully emerged from the cell. This frame was from the middle box, which had been switched with the lower box previously.